Researchers propose a technique to enhance power output of piezoelectric materials

New Delhi (India Science Wire): Indian Institute of Technology Mandi(IIT-Mandi) researchers have proposed a technique to enhance the power output of piezoelectric materials. Piezoelectric materials can be used in floor tiles to generate electricity from human walking, or on roads, where the weight from the vehicles can power road lights and signals.

In their study, the researchers have numerically examined the piezoelectric materials and have proposed a new arrangement to enhance the electrical output of these materials when subjected to stress.“Piezoelectric materials can generate electrical energy when a force is applied on them, and are thus extremely useful”, explains Dr Rajeev Kumar, Associate Professors, School of Engineering, IITMandi. However, currently, the electrical energy produced by these materials is very low, which limits their applications in real life situations.

“We have developed a technique known as “graded poling” to enhance the power output of piezoelectric materials by more than 100 times”, says Dr Rahul Vaish, Associate Professors, School of Engineering, IIT Mandi. The researchers have used numerical techniques to utilize multiple mechanical stresses – bending, compressive and tensile stresses at the top and bottom of the piezoelectric cantilever beams and shear stress in the mid-section to significantly improve the electrical output.Mechanical stress is a measure of internal resistance exhibited by a body or material when an external force is applied to it.

“The experimental implementation of graded poling is challenging at present”, says DrKumar. However, the results of this study and the enormous improvements possible through the graded poling technique offeran incentive for researchers to develop actual piezoelectric designs that implement the graded poling technique to help the applications be realised. The researchers recommend possible steps to achieve these designs in practice, such as partially connecting the right face of the sample to the ground and top faces being applied with an electric potential.

The promise of the generation of higher amounts of electrical energy from mechanical movement can potentially enable applications in which smart devices can be powered simply by human motion. Other applications could include generating power from the soles of footwear equipped with these materials.

Piezoelectric materials can do the reverse as well – generate mechanical motion in response to electrical energy. Thus, improving the mechanical-electrical energy interconversion efficiency can enable engineering applications such as reduction of vibration and noise and advanced technological applications such as positioning and steering of satellite antennas in space.

The researchers are extending their work further for a more accurate prediction of the effects of the proposed poling technique on the mechanical properties of the material, which will offer better insights into harnessing the advantages of this technique in real life applications.

The research paper has been co-authored by researcher scholars, Raj Kiran, Sourav Sharma, along with Dr Anuruddh Kumar, IIT Mandi alumnus currently working at Hanyang University, North Korea, under the supervision of Dr Rajeev Kumar and Dr Rahul Vaish, Associate Professors, School of Engineering, IIT Mandi. The study has been published in the journal ‘Engineering Reports’. (India Science Wire)